‌What are the working principles of the hydraulic system of the excavator?

The working principle of the hydraulic system of the excavator is to realize various actions of the excavator by converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.The hydraulic system is mainly composed of hydraulic oil tank,main pump,multi-way valve,pipeline,cylinder and motor for executing actions.This system uses oil as the working medium,converts the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy through the hydraulic pump,and then converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy through the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor,so as to realize various actions of the excavator.‌12

Specifically,the working process of the hydraulic system of the excavator includes the following steps:

‌Energy conversion‌:The hydraulic pump converts the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy and stores it in the hydraulic oil tank.

‌Pressure transmission‌:When the operator controls the pilot valve through the handle,the pilot valve sends a signal to the working valve group,and the valve group opens or closes the corresponding oil circuit according to the signal.

‌Action execution‌:The hydraulic oil flows into the cylinder or motor under pressure,pushing the piston or rotor to move,thereby driving various actions of the excavator,such as lifting and rotating the boom.

The fault diagnosis of the hydraulic system of the excavator mainly starts with the inspection of the hydraulic oil circuit.Common faults include slow and weak lifting of the boom and slow and weak rotation,which are usually caused by low working oil pressure.The main reasons for low pressure are blockage and leakage,so keeping the oil circuit unobstructed and well sealed is the key to ensure the normal operation of the system.

In addition,the hydraulic system also has the following advantages and disadvantages:

‌Advantages‌:light weight,small size,small motion inertia.

‌Disadvantages‌:high manufacturing precision requirements,so the price is more expensive.