How does a mini excavator work?

Small excavators are engineering machinery mainly used for excavating soil and stone. They are widely used in soil and construction of various construction projects. There are many types of small excavating machinery. According to their operating methods, they can be divided into periodic operation type and continuous operation type. Periodic operation type includes single-bucket small excavator and backhoe loader; continuous operation type has multi-bucket small excavator, multi-bucket machine and tunneling machine. Machine etc. The single-bucket excavator is the most commonly used machine among small excavating machines. This section will focus on the small excavator with a single bucket.

A small excavator is a machine that uses a bucket-shaped working device to dig soil or other materials, or to strip away soil. It is divided into two types: crawler type and tire type. We often see the giant excavator showing off its skills on construction sites. The appearance is a bit like a robot. Most of them are crawler type. Mini excavator (Figure 10-3) The small excavator is composed of three parts: the working device, the rotating device and the operating device. The hydraulic Figure 10-3 Crawler type small excavator is used between the power device and the working device. Small excavators that use a positive displacement hydraulic transmission system (that is, using various hydraulic components) to directly control the motion status of each system mechanism to achieve excavation work are divided into two types: full hydraulic transmission and non-full hydraulic transmission.

If the movements of the main mechanisms such as excavation, rotation, and traveling are all hydraulic transmission, it is called full hydraulic transmission. If the action of one of the mechanisms adopts mechanical transmission, it is called non-full hydraulic transmission. Generally speaking, for small excavators, the working device and slewing device must be hydraulic transmission, and only the traveling mechanism can be hydraulic transmission or mechanical transmission.

The working device structure of a small excavator has different types of boom structures, such as articulated and telescopic arm. Rotary devices are also divided into full rotation and non-full rotation. The walking device can be divided into crawler type and tire type according to different structures.

In the 1980s, high-tech technologies with microelectronics technology as the core, especially the application of microcomputers, microprocessors, sensors and detection instruments on small excavators, promoted the application and promotion of electronic control technology on small excavators, and has become An important symbol of the modernization of small excavators is that currently advanced small excavators are equipped with electronic control systems such as engine automatic idle and throttle control systems, power optimization systems, working mode control systems, and monitoring systems.